In the past year, as these protests became more disruptive, journalists covering these actions were subjected to obstruction of their work. While in 2021 protests were the most frequent place for journalists to be attacked (39.8%), 2022 data shows that protests only accounted for 21% of the alerts in the EU, while attacks taking place online rose from 14.1% in 2021 to 20.7% in 2022.Ī final thematic chapter focuses on the threats faced by journalists covering climate and environmental topics (12 alerts in the EU in 2022). The report also includes a third thematic section on online attacks. In the EU, the main type of incidents were verbal attacks (42.4% of all alerts), followed by legal attacks (27.2%), to which this report dedicates an extensive chapter on the year that the European Commission put forward a proposal for an EU anti-SLAPP directive. The MFRR started monitoring the country immediately after the full-scale Russian invasion started in late February, and it recorded 140 media freedom violations. The current monitoring report offers an overview of the media freedom situation across the EU and candidate countries in 2022, and it starts with a thematic chapter on the war in Ukraine and its repercussions on media freedom. 10 journalists were murdered: nine in Ukraine and one in Turkey. 415 alerts were recorded in the EU, while 398 were registered in candidate countries. The European Parliament and the Council will now have to discuss the Commission's proposal for a Regulation according to the ordinary legislative procedure.In 2022, the Media Freedom Rapid Response (MFRR) recorded 813 media freedom violations in EU Member States and candidate countries involving 1,339 individuals or media outlets. The Board is designed to promote the effective and consistent application of the EU media law framework. The Commission also proposed establishing a European Board for Media Services, a collective body of independent media regulators, to replace and succeed the European Regulators Group for Audiovisual Media Services (ERGA). Securing transparent and fair allocation of economic resources in the internal media market in order to ensure a level playing field for media market players.Facilitating the free provision of quality media services in the internal market by enhancing media-specific ownership transparency and promoting self-regulation for the independent functioning of media companies.Tools for collective - EU-wide - action should therefore be provided by independent regulators to protect the EU internal market from service providers (including those from third countries) not following EU media standards Increasing regulatory cooperation and convergence in the internal media market through EU-level opinions and guidance.Fostering cross-border activity and investment in the internal media market in order to make it easier for media market players to expand their operations across the internal market.In order to achieve this goal, the Commission has set out four major objectives: The European Media Freedom Act builds on the Commission's rule-of-law reports (Commission's 2021 Rule of Law Report → eucrim 3/2021, 134–135), the revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive, the Digital Services Act (DSA), and the Digital Markets Act (DMA) as well as on the new Code of Practice on Disinformation (→ eucrim News). With the European Media Freedom Act, the Commission aims at strengthening the integrity of the internal media market. It has identified increasingly worrying trends across the EU, especially regarding the safety of journalists and abusive lawsuits against public participation (SLAPPs). ![]() Through the Media Pluralism Monitor and previous Rule of Law reports, the Commission has been closely monitoring challenges regarding media pluralism and independence in the EU. On 16 September 2022, the Commission adopted a proposal for a European Media Freedom Act.
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